Anatomy and Physiology

    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which of the following statements relating to a patient with severe loss of potassium due to diuretic abuse is TRUE?
    A loss of potassium may be treated by administering potassium. Hypokalaemia refers to a blood concentration of <3 mmol/L, and such a level could affect the heart so an ECG IS warranted.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    What are the bonds that maintain the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins?
    Hydrogen bonds acting between N and H. Covalent bonds act between the atoms of an amino acid, while peptide bond (=covalent bond) is the term used for the bond between one amino acid to the adjacent one.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    The carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer system is one if the buffers that help to maintain the blood’s pH within the healthy range by doing which of the following?
    A buffer has two components. One is capable of destroying acid, while the other is capable of destroying base.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    What structure(s) does a neurotransmitter molecule cross?
    A neurotransmitter is released from the synaptic knob of the presynaptic neuron so must get out of the neuron by crossing its plasma membrane, the synaptic cleft, before lodging in the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Which hormone produces a decrease in arterial blood pressure?
    Atrial natriuretic enzyme (ANP) exerts effects that result in a decrease in BP.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    What are bone-forming cells called?
    Osteoblasts secrete bone around themselves, eventually isolating themselves within lacunae, whereupon they mature into osteocytes.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cells and Tissues
    In the nucleus of the cell, DNA is used as a template to form mRNA. What is the process called?
    Transcription refers to the conversion of information on DNA into the form of mRNA.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    What is ventricular systole? It:
    Ventricular systole refers to contraction of the ventricles. The other statements are wrong.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Respiratory System
    A statement of Boyle’s law is “the volume of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas, as long as temperature does not change”. This means that:
    Contracting the diaphragm will increase the volume of the chest and lungs above the diaphragm. As volume has increased, the pressure will decrease. Choice C is wrong as the amount of gas has changed (it is not fixed).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Biomechanics
    Most manual handling manoeuvres require bending at the knees. This is so that:
    Bending the legs at the knees (and hips) allows the strong thigh muscles to be used to extend the legs while rising to a standing position with the load.
    Author: rikazzz Comment