Anatomy and Physiology MCQs

When blood pressure drops, which of the following responses would happen?

Atrial natriuretic peptide is released from the heart.

The kidneys release renin which catalyses the formation of angiotensin I.

The rate of sodium excretion by the kidneys increases.

The secretion of antidiuretic hormone is inhibited.

Renin acts on angiotensinogen and eventually angiotensin II would be formed. Angiotensin has four effects that will cause BP to rise.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Respiratory System

Which structures are included in the respiratory membrane?

Alveolar fluid and surfactant

Alveolar fluid, surfactant and epithelial cells of alveoli

Alveolar fluid, surfactant, epithelial cells of alveoli and basement mem-brane of epithelial cell

Alveolar fluid, surfactant, epithelial cells of alveoli, basement membrane of epithelial cell and endothelial cell of capillary

All these structures form the thin (0.5 μm) respiratory membrane.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Chemistry for Physiology

Cells use glucose as an energy source but store it as glycogen. When needed the glycogen is broken down by a process called:

Glycolysis

Glycogenesis

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Glycogen – o – lysis refers to the lysis (splitting) of glycogen into smaller glucose units.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Gastrointestinal System

What are the end products of carbohydrate digestion?

Chylomicrons

Amino acids

Free fatty acids

Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides or “simple” sugars.

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Skeleton and Joints

What is a “foramen”?

A basin-like depression serving as an articular surface

A raised roughening which is a site for muscle attachment

A hole through a bone for a nerve or blood vessel

A sharp slender projection of bone

Nerves and blood vessels penetrate through bone via these spaces.

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Chemistry for Physiology

What is the difference between filtration and diffusion?

Diffusion can occur through a biological membrane, whereas filtration cannot.

Filtration can occur through a biological membrane, whereas diffusion cannot.

Filtration is the movement of molecules caused by a pressure difference, but diffusion does not involve a difference in pressure.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules caused by a pressure difference, but filtration does not involve a difference in pressure.

Filtration requires a pressure difference; diffusion does not. Both diffusion and filtration can occur through a membrane.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Organisation of the Body

Which of the stated relationships is correct?

The heart is inferior to the clavicle

The shoulder is distal to the carpals

The phalanges are proximal to the metacarpals

The eye is medial to the eyebrows

The heart is indeed below (inferior) to the clavicle. All other choices are wrong.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Renal System

Which list has the blood vessels of the nephron in the correct order of blood flow?

Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta

Efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta

Afferent arteriole, vasa recta, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, glomerulus

Afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, efferent arteriole, glomerulus, vasa recta

Afferent arteriole bring blood into the glomerulus, and then glomerular capillaries are next.

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Endocrine System

Which endocrine gland produces parathyroid hormone?

The parafollicular gland

The thyroid gland

The parathyroid gland

The para cells of the pancreas

The four parathyroid glands, attached to the thyroid, produce parathyroid hormone.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Nervous System

Which of following events occur when an action potential arrives at the end of the axon’s telodendria?

Calcium enters the synaptic knob which causes a neurotransmitter to be released.

Sodium ions rush into the cell through ion channels, then potassium ions rush out.

The resting membrane potential changes from −70 mV to +30 mV.

The sodium-potassium pump shifts potassium ions into the cell and sodium ions out of the cell.

In order for the action potential to be passed from the neuron to the postsynaptic membrane (of the receiving cell), a neurotransmitter must be released to cross the synaptic cleft.

Author: rikazzz Comment