Anatomy and Physiology

    Ionising Radiation
    Which of the following does NOT contribute to the background radiation?
    Fluorescent lights contain mercury vapour at low pressure which emits ultraviolet light when excited by the passage of electrons through the tube. The UV photons are absorbed by the phosphor that coats the inside of the tube which re-emits the energy as visible light. No ionising radiation is emitted.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    What is the sequence of amino acids in a protein known as?
    Primary structure refers to the order in which amino acids are attached to each other.
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    Renal System
    By what name is the condition where nitrogenous wastes accumulate in the blood known?
    Uraemia. The other terms describe the volume of urine produced. Anuria = no urine; polyuria = far more than normal; oliguria, less than normal.
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    Skeleton and Joints
    Which of the following joints is a synovial joint?
    The joints between the wrist bones (carpals) and bones of the hand (metacarpals) are synovial and freely movable joints.
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    Organisation of the Body
    Cervical vertebrae are _____
    Cervix refers to “neck”. The cervical vertebrae are in the neck; hence they are above (superior) to the rib cage.
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    Endocrine System
    By what other name is adrenaline also known?
    Perhaps to diminish the perception that the adrenal gland only produces adrenaline.
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    Cells and Tissues
    The term “chromatin” would be used in reference to which of the following?
    Chromatin is DNA and the associated proteins so it pertains to genetic material.
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    Respiratory System
    What term is applied to the exchange of dissolved gases between capillary blood and body tissues?
    Internal respiration refers to the movement of oxygen from the capillary blood into the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues into capillary blood. Choice B occurs between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries and choice C occurs within the mitochondria.
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    Reproductive System
    What hormone is released by the corpus luteum in the greatest quantity?
    The corpus luteum releases progesterone which prepares the uterus for pregnancy (and causes the number of peg cells to increase).
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    Respiratory System
    In which form is the majority of CO2 transported in the blood?
    CO2 leaves the cell as dissolved gas. About 7% is transported in solution in plasma and 23% bound to haemoglobin (HbCO2) in RBC, while 70% reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which disassociates to form bicarbonate ions.
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