Anatomy and Physiology

    Biomechanics
    Which one of the following is a nurse affecting by positioning her body close to that of the patient while executing a patient handling procedure?
    Minimising the separation between the centres of gravity also minimises the load arms of the levers involved. This will decrease the muscular effort required.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Complete the following sentence correctly for a person at rest. Hypertension:
    Hypertension means a resting BP that is too high. The value beyond which hypertension is identified is 140 mmHg for the systolic reading.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
    What name is given to the change in the observed frequency of a wave (or its reflection) because of the motion of the source (or the reflecting object) or of the observer?
    The change in frequency when the source of the (say) sound is in motion relative to the observer is called the Doppler effect. (The red shift in astronomy is due to the Doppler effect.)
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Organisation of the Body
    Which choice best describes the location of the majority of the musculoskeletal system?
    The musculoskeletal system is located in the arms and legs, and surrounding, but outside of the abdominopelvic, the thoracic and the dorsal cavities.
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    Nervous System
    What is the last part of a nerve cell that is involved when a nerve impulse passes to another cell?
    Synaptic knobs are at the distal end of an axon. The axon hillock is at the proximal end.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    What are red blood cells also known as?
    RBC = erythrocytes (erythroid means red)
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    Cardiovascular System
    Why is the blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries less than in the aorta?
    As pulmonary resistance is much lower than systemic resistance, the BP required to overcome it is much less too. Hence the right ventricle does not need to produce the high pressure of the left ventricle to move blood through the pulmonary circuit.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Ionising Radiation
    Given that the half-value layer of lead for a gamma photon of energy 0.5 MeV is 0.42 cm, which of the situations listed below would result in the LEAST exposure to radiation? Staying in the same room as the gamma source for:
    Choice B would result in 2 × the dose (due to doubling the time), multiplied by 4 × the dose (due to halving the distance) multiplied by ½ × the dose due to the extra half-value layer = 4× the dose of choice A.
    Choice C would result in 3 × the dose multiplied by 1/4 × multiplied by 2 × the dose = 1½ × the dose of choice A.
    Choice D would result in 8 × the dose multiplied by 1 × multiplied by ½ × the dose = 4 × the dose of choice A.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cells and Tissues
    Which of the following cells are found in the liver?
    “Hepato” comes from the Greek language and refers to liver.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Reproductive System
    What does gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) do?
    GnRH stimulates the ant pit to release both LH and FSH, which are two gonadotropins. They act on the gonads and control gamete and sex hormone production.
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