Anatomy and Physiology

    Respiratory System
    Chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata are sensitive to:
    Peripheral chemical receptors send signals to respiratory centres of the brain located in medulla oblongata when blood carbon dioxide rises or blood oxygen concentration falls below 60 mmHg.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Integument
    Which layer of the integument is the most superficial layer?
    Stratum corneum is the outermost dead layer of the epidermis.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    Two identical beakers hold 100 ml and 200 ml of water at 20 °C. They are heated for 1 min each using the same Bunsen burner flame, and their temperature is measured. What will their temperatures be?
    The heat transferred to them will be the same as the Bunsen burner flame was the same as was the time of heating. Their temperatures will be different as the greater volume of 200 ml of water requires more heat to reach the same temperature as the smaller volume.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    What is the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle cell called?
    The prefix “sarco” is commonly used to describe microscopic muscle cell structures.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    Which of the following is NOT a meninx?
    This choice is nonsense.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Respiratory System
    With regard to lung ventilation, what does “dead space” refer to?
    Dead space refers to air that is inhaled into the airways but does not reach the alveoli and hence is exhaled again without participating in gas exchange.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    What information is contained in the muscle name “biceps brachii”?
    “Brachii” indicates location on the brachium (arm), while “biceps” refers to the two origins (attachments) of the muscle.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    What is the function of the thalamus?
    The thalamus is about 13 “nuclei” that receive and then distribute (i.e. relays) sensory information from the body to the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    What is the role of Ca++ in muscle contraction?
    The myosin head cannot attach to actin until its binding site is exposed. Ca causes this to happen.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Reproductive System
    What are the phases of the ovarian cycle?
    The ovarian cycle is separated into follicular phase and luteal phase by ovulation.
    Author: rikazzz Comment