Anatomy and Physiology

    Skeleton and Joints
    Where in the skeleton is the scapula located?
    The scapula (shoulder blade) is part of the shoulder girdle. It is also part of the appendicular skeleton, but choice D is the more specific answer.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Integument
    Another name for oil glands in the skin is:
    The other three choices are all sweat glands.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Ionising Radiation
    Why does an interventional cardiac angiography procedure have the potential to deliver a high dose of radiation to the patient?
    The long exposure time is the potential problem. All x-ray imaging uses ionising radiation. A radioactive material is not used in cardiac angiography.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which general description of the components of a solution is correct?
    The solvent dissolves (e.g. water); the solute (e.g. salt) is dissolved
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Which of the following statements regarding antihypertensive medication is correct?
    The neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine attach to the beta-1 receptor sites of the heart and cause HR and contractility to increase. This sympathetic stimulation promotes an increase in CO (and hence BP). Blocking (preventing the binding of E and NE) their effect prevents sympathetic stimulation.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Which individuals can receive any type of blood and are considered universal recipients?
    People with AB+ blood do not have agglutinins (antibodies) against A, B or Rh D in their plasma. Hence they can receive any blood without causing the RBC in the donated blood to clump.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    What is the effect on the kidney caused by increasing the release of ADH?
    Antidiuretic hormone prevents diuresis (decreases urine formation) by causing more water to be reabsorbed from the filtrate as it passes through the collecting duct.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    Select the one INCORRECT statement about skeletal muscles
    An antagonist opposes a movement. All other statements are correct.
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    Cardiovascular System
    What is the class of antihypertensive drug that prevents smooth muscle contraction and hence promotes vasodilation called?
    In order for muscle to contract, calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to troponin, which changes its shape and pulls tropomyosin away which exposes actin’s binding site. A blocker prevents the release of Ca++ into the muscle cell sarcoplasm.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    The visual pathway is best characterised by which of the following neural elements?
    The pathway begins at the photoreceptors, so the eye lens is not included. The decussation of pyramids and postcentral gyrus are not part of the visual pathway.
    Author: rikazzz Comment