Anatomy and Physiology

    Endocrine System
    What is the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?
    Endocrine glands secrete “circulating” hormones, that is, secrete into the blood.
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    Skeleton and Joints
    In which one of the following structures do osteocytes reside? In the
    Lacuna refers to a hole, pit, “lake” or cavity within a bone.
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    Nervous System
    Which statement about the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is NOT correct?
    In fact norepinephrine (not ACh) is released by most ANS-SD postganglionic fibres, i.e. at second synapse. Choices A, C and D are true.
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    Endocrine System
    What is produced in the adrenal cortex?
    “Cortico”steroids are made in the adrenal cortex. Choices B and C are the same – these hormones are made in the adrenal medulla.
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    Cells and Tissues
    In a cell cycle, which phase takes the longest time to complete?
    Interphase is the time when the cell is performing its normal function and not dividing.
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    Skeleton and Joints
    Which list has the correct numbers of vertebrae for an adult?
    There are 26 vertebrae: 7C, 12T, 5L, 1S, and 1C in that order. The sacrum and coccyx are single fused bones in adults.
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    Muscles
    Which of the following muscles causes the wrist to bend?
    The term “carpi” refers to the carpal bone (the eight bones of the wrist), so this muscle extends the wrist.
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    Gastrointestinal System
    Which list of sections of the intestine has them in correct order from nearest to furthest from the mouth?
    Caecum is after the ileum; sigmoid colon is after the transverse colon; jejunum is before the ileum.
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    Cardiovascular System
    The term “formed elements” used in relation to the blood include which of the following?
    White blood cells are one of the formed elements (i.e. substances that are not dissolved in plasma).
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    Cells and Tissues
    Epithelial and connective tissues differ from each other in which of the following characteristics?
    The other choices are not correct.
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