Anatomy and Physiology

    Biomechanics
    Which of the following is NOT consistent with Newton’s second law?
    Newton’s second law states F = m × a. This may be rearranged to m = F ÷ a or in words mass = weight ÷ acceleration.
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    Integument
    What do the apocrine glands of the skin secrete?
    Apocrine glands are a type of sweat gland.
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    Electricity
    Which three electrical quantities does Ohm’s law relate to each other?
    Voltage is the unit of potential difference and ohms is the unit of resistance.
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    Reproductive System
    Which cells are targeted by luteinising hormone (LH) inducing the production of which of the listed products?
    Choices A and B are caused by FSH, while progesterone causes the uterus epithelium to proliferate.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which of the following solutions is the most hypertonic?
    5% glucose is isotonic, so 10% must be hypertonic. Choices A and B are isotonic, while choice C is hypotonic.
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    Muscles
    Which of the following muscles increases the angle between the bones of the fingers and hand?
    “Extensor” refers to the action of extension (increasing the angle between the hand and fingers), while “digitorum” refers to the digits (fingers).
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    Nervous System
    What is linked to the posterior grey horn of the spinal cord?
    Posterior means dorsal. The dorsal root carries axons of sensory neurons.
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    Respiratory System
    Which statement may be used to define a bronchiole?
    Bronchioles differ from all the larger airways in having no supporting cartilage. They do have smooth muscle.
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    Cells and Tissues
    Which form of transport through the plasma membrane requires the expenditure of energy by the cell?
    The term “active” implies using energy (in the form of ATP) to move a molecule against its concentration gradient while the other processes are all passive.
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    Respiratory System
    What mechanism allows the lungs to expand along with the chest wall when it is moved outwards during an inhalation?
    Negative pressure ensures that the visceral pleura adheres to the parietal pleura when it is moved outwards by the action of the intercostal muscles. As the visceral pleura is attached to the lungs, so the lungs are expanded which allows atmospheric pressure to push air into the alveoli.
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