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Anatomy and Physiology
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Anatomy and Physiology
- Page 98
Organisation of the Body
41
Cells and Tissues
129
Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion
45
Integument
65
Homeostasis
0
Skeleton and Joints
100
Muscles
98
Gastrointestinal System
140
Endocrine System
102
Renal System
117
Cardiovascular System
365
Respiratory System
130
Nervous System
292
Reproductive System
72
The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
62
Ionising Radiation
92
Electricity
35
Biomechanics
58
Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
70
Chemistry for Physiology
279
Show/Hide Answers
Chemistry for Physiology
What is the approximate range of pH of gastric juice in the stomach?
1.6–1.8
6.2–7.4
7.3–7.5
7.8–8.6
The stomach has the lowest pH in the body due to the secretion of hydrochloric acid (a strong acid) into it.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Skeleton and Joints
How many bones in total that are proximal to the ankles are counted as being in the lower limbs?
4
6
8
12
Being proximal to the ankles excludes the bones of the ankle and feet. There are four bones in each leg (femur, patella, tibia, fibula); 4 + 4 = 8.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cells and Tissues
Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?
Plasma cells
Leucocytes
Keratinocytes
Chondroblasts
Keratinocytes produce keratin, the protein of the epidermis, which is epithelial tissue.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Nervous System
Choose the true statement:
A spinal reflex does not involve processing in the brain.
Spinal reflexes are rapid predictable learned responses to stimuli.
Spinal reflexes are used to diagnose brain death.
Spinal reflexes are voluntary but unlearned.
Spinal reflexes are not learned nor used to diagnose brain death. Spinal reflexes are not under voluntary control.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Nervous System
The sections of the cerebrum have their own names. What are these named structures known as?
Sulci
Gyri
Lobes
Cortexes
The cerebral cortex is divided into lobes.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Reproductive System
Choose the correct statement about LH or FSH.
LH targets Leydig cells of the testes which produce testosterone.
LH targets Sertoli cells of the testes which promotes spermiogenesis.
FSH targets Leydig cells of the testes which promotes spermiogenesis.
FSH targets Sertoli cells of the testes which produce testosterone.
LH targets Leydig (interstitial) cells to produce testosterone. (FSH targets Sertoli (nurse/sustentacular) cells which (in the presence of testosterone) promote spermiogenesis).
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
Given that a healthy resting blood pressure may be stated as 16/10.6 (in units of kPa). What would the reading on the pressure gauge of a sphygmomanometer that was measuring blood pressure in the posterior tibial artery of a standing patient be closest to?
6 kPa, the average blood pressure at the arterial end of the capillaries
12 kPa, the hydrostatic pressure due to head of blood
28 kPa, the hydrostatic pressure plus average aortic pressure
107 kPa, atmospheric pressure plus average pressure at the start of the capillaries
Both pressure due to the head of liquid between the heart and the feet (about 11 kPa) and pressure due to the pumping action of the heart (16 kPa) must be added to arrive at BP in the feet when standing. Alternatively, the value in choice D is too high, and choices A and B are values that are too low and do not take into account the two components that are operating in a standing person.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Chemistry for Physiology
Molecules are relatively easy to separate from one another. This means that the bonds between them are:
Ionic
Covalent
Relatively weak
Relatively strong
Ease of separation implies relatively weak bonds. Both ionic and covalent bonds are strong.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Ionising Radiation
What may the term radioactivity correctly used to refer to?
The spontaneous emission of electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus of an atom
The particles or photons emitted from an unstable nucleus
The emission of particulate radiation from a radionuclide
The alpha, beta or X-radiation which emanates from some atomic nuclei
Unstable nucleus = radioactive. Choices A and C also describe radioactivity but not in as general terms as choice B.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
A walker carried a balloon filled with 10 L of air, from sea level (where the atmospheric pressure was 101 kPa), up a mountain to a height of 3000 m (where the atmospheric pressure was 70 kPa). What would be the approximate volume of the balloon at 3000 m?
7 L
10 L
14 L
30 L
Boyle’s law states that volume must increase if pressure decreases, so choices A and B are wrong. If pressure decreases by 70/101, then volume must increase by 101/70 = 1.4. so 10 L × 1.4 = 14 L.
Author:
rikazzz
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