Quantitative data analysis
What is the difference between a bar chart and a histogram?
A histogram does not show the entire range of scores in a distribution
Bar charts are circular, whereas histograms are square
There are no gaps between the bars on a histogram
Bar charts represents numbers, whereas histograms represent percentages
There are no gaps between the bars on a histogram
Histograms are used to display interval/ratio variables, which involve a continuous range of values, and so there are no gaps between the bars that represent each category. Bar charts, on the other hand, display nominal or ordinal data, which fall into discrete categories.
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 337 (Figures 15.2 and 15.3)
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 337 (Figures 15.2 and 15.3)
There are no gaps between the bars on a histogram Histograms are used to display interval/ratio variables, which involve a continuous range of values, and so there are no gaps between the bars that represent each category. Bar charts, on the other hand, display nominal or ordinal data, which fall into discrete categories.
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 337 (Figures 15.2 and 15.3)
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 337 (Figures 15.2 and 15.3)
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When might it be appropriate to conduct a multivariate analysis test?A. If the relationship between two variables might be spurious
B. If there could be an intervening variable
C. If a third variable might be moderating the relationship
D. All of the above
A test of statistical significance indicates how confident the researcher is about:
A. The inter-coder reliability of their structured interview schedule
B. Passing their driving test
C. Understanding the difference between bivariate and multivariate analysis
D. Generalizing their findings from the sample to the population
If there were a perfect positive correlation between two interval/ratio variables, the Pearson’s r test would give a correlation coefficient of:
A. – 0.328
B. +1
C. +0.328
D. – 1
What is the difference between interval/ratio and ordinal variables?
A. The distance between categories is equal across the range of interval/ratio data
B. Ordinal data can be rank ordered, but interval/ratio data cannot
C. Interval/ratio variables contain only two categories
D. Ordinal variables have a fixed zero point, whereas interval/ratio variables do not
Setting the p level at 0.01 increases the chances of making a:
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Type III error
D. All of the above
What is the name of the test that is used to assess the relationship between two ordinal variables?
A. Spearman’s rho
B. Phi
C. Cramer’s V
D. Chi square
What is the function of a contingency table, in the context of bivariate analysis?
A. It shows the results you would expect to find by chance
B. It summarises the frequencies of two variables so that they can be compared
C. It lists the different levels of p value for tests of significance
D. It compares the results you might get from various statistical tests
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