When might it be appropriate to conduct a multivariate analysis test?

If the relationship between two variables might be spurious
If there could be an intervening variable
If a third variable might be moderating the relationship
All of the above
All of the above  Multivariate analysis involves the analysis of three or more variables, and tends to be used when we have reason to suspect the nature of the relationship between two variables. Bryman discusses the three main reasons for doing this analysis on pages 345 and 346. Two variables can, indeed, be related to each other but perhaps in a more complex way than appears at first sight. Perhaps when a number of factors co-exist the relationship between any two of them is strong. Multivariate analysis enables us to test for many types of cross-relationships between a number of variables at once.
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 344,345

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