Anatomy and Physiology

    Gastrointestinal System
    Which of the following is NOT a part of the gastrointestinal tract?
    Pancreas is an accessory gland outside of the GI tract but delivers its secretion via a duct.
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    Endocrine System
    Which organ produces the most testosterone?
    The testes produce testosterone, but the ovaries produce a small amount too.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    An intravenous fluid that is isotonic to blood would have what effect on the red blood cells?
    RBC would be unaffected by an isotonic solution as there will be no net flow of water into or out of the cells.
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    Respiratory System
    What term is applied to the volume of air that moves into the lungs while breathing at rest?
    Tidal volume moves into the lungs (and out) with each completed inhalation/exhalation at rest.
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    Gastrointestinal System
    Name the major cell type in a liver lobule.
    Hepato- = liver. Kupffer cells also occur in the liver but are macrophages.
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    Biomechanics
    What is the weight of a nurse if her mass is 65 kg? (Use acceleration due to gravity of 10 m.s−2.):
    Weight is the force with which gravity attracts you to the Earth. Use Newton’s second law, weight, F = m × a = 70 × 10 = 700 N. The unit of force is the newton, N.
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    Biomechanics
    Choose the one correct statement:
    Weight is the force with which gravity attracts you to the Earth. Your weight would be different on the moon (say), but your mass would be the same.
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    Ionising Radiation
    The contrast of a CT image displayed on a monitor may be increased by:
    Decreasing the width of the “window” means restricting the range of grey scale displayed on the monitor screen (0–255), to a more limited range of the available Hounsfield numbers (−1000 for air to 3000 for dense bone). A lung window may be −1250 to +250; a soft tissue window may be −160 to +240; a bone window may be −650 to +1350.
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    Nervous System
    What part of the brain contains the autonomic control centre whose orders regulate food intake, water balance and body temperature?
    These homeostatic roles are performed by the hypothalamus.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    What information does the molarity of a solution provide?
    If molarity is 1.2 mmol/L = 1.2 × 10−3 × (6.02 × 1023) particles per litre.
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