Anatomy and Physiology

    Nervous System
    A motor pathway in the autonomic nervous system consists of two neurons. Where does the second neuron start and finish?
    The second neuron runs from ganglion to effector. The first neuron runs from the CNS to a ganglion and then synapses with the cell body of the second neuron.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Which will produce a decrease in arterial blood pressure?
    Increased parasympathetic stimulation will decrease heart rate and myocardial contractility. This will cause CO and hence BP to decline.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    What feature do procarboxypeptidase, pepsinogen, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen have in common?
    They are inactive so are not yet enzymes; when activated they would digest proteins, but not in their present form.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Which type of antihypertensive drug aims to prevent vasoconstriction?
    The contraction of smooth muscle causes vasoconstriction. Calcium is necessary for muscle contraction. A Ca channel blocker prevents Ca from entering the cytoplasm, and so it prevents vasoconstriction.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    Which of the following statements about the action potential is FALSE?
    Anions (positive ions) crossing the membrane is the first part of the action potential, but this movement is triggered by a graded potential that is above threshold arriving at the start of the axon (the axon hillock). So choice D is false.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Electricity
    The unit of potential difference is the volt. What does the number of volts tell us?
    Choice B refers to electrical resistance. Choice C refers to the current in amperes (1A =1C/s). Choice D refers to power (P = A/s).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Ionic, nonmolecular compounds are likely to have which of the following sets of properties?
    High melting points and electrical conductivity are indicative of ionic compounds.
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    Biomechanics
    In which of the following cases is the greatest amount of work being done on the object that is experiencing the force?
    Work = force × distance, so 1000 N × 50 m = 50,000 Nm is the greatest amount.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    A molecular compound may be defined by which of the following?
    Only non-metal elements are involved in covalent (molecular) bonding.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Respiratory System
    Which of the following statements could be applied to “external respiration”?
    External respiration refers to the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillary blood and carbon dioxide from the capillary blood into the alveoli. Choice B is “internal respiration” and choice C is “cellular respiration”.
    Author: rikazzz Comment