Anatomy and Physiology

    Cardiovascular System
    Arteries may be characterised as:
    Arteries both are elastic and carry blood away from the heart. They do not have valves and they are smaller in diameter than veins.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    The nephrons of the kidney consist of:
    The nephron includes the glomerulus and renal tubule. The later includes the Bowman’s capsule. Choice D is best even though Bowman’s capsule is not listed.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Biomechanics
    When two forces of magnitude 8 N and 12 N are added vectorially, what value could the resulting vector NOT have?
    The maximum value that can be obtained by adding two vectors of length 8 and 12 N is 20 N when the vectors are in the same direction. Hence choices A, B and C are all possible.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    How many grams of sodium chloride are there in a 1 L bag of 0.9% saline?
    0.9% means 0.9 g per 100 ml of solution = 9 g per 1000 ml (i.e. per litre)
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    To what does the “blood-brain barrier” refer?
    This answer is not a complete description of the BBB as it does not include astrocytes, but it is the best of the four choices.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which of the following statements is a definition of a buffer solution?
    This is a definition of a buffer solution. Choice B indicates a neutral solution, while choice D alludes to a weak acid.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    Which hormone stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic juice?
    Duodenum produces and releases CCK when protein and fats enter the duodenum.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    One way to increase the glomerular filtration rate is to dilate:
    Dilating the afferent arteriole increases the volume of blood flowing into the glomerulus, while constricting the efferent arteriole decreases the volume of blood leaving the glomerulus. This means water and solutes must leave the glomerulus and enter the Bowman’s capsule, that is, GFR increases.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    Which of the following describes skeletal muscle?
    Skeletal muscle is striated and is not branched (cardiac muscle cells are branched).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Biomechanics
    What is the meaning of “work” in the scientific sense?
    The amount of work done on an object is the amount of energy transferred to that object.
    Author: rikazzz Comment