Anatomy and Physiology

    Respiratory System
    When discussing lung volumes, the term “anatomical dead space” is used. What does this term refer to?
    This inhaled air never reaches the alveoli; it is exhaled along with “stale” air behind it that is expelled from the alveoli. Choice C refers to residual volume. Choice A refers to inspiratory reserve volume.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    One of the buffer systems in the blood is the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer. It helps to maintain the body’s acid-base balance by destroying any excess:
    A buffer has the ability to destroy either acid or base.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    Our ears are most sensitive to sounds with frequencies that lie between about 3000 Hz and 3500 Hz. The reason for this is that:
    The ear canal is about 2.7 cm long, and a tube of this length, closed at one end, resonates at about 3000 Hz (resonates means that a “standing wave” is set up).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cells and Tissues
    Mitochondria produce which of the following?
    Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    What is the role of hyaline cartilage in the body?
    Hyaline cartilage is very smooth and, by covering the articulating surfaces of bones, ensures that the joint moves without noticeable friction.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    Choose the correct sentence. Compact bone contains
    Compact bone does contain osteons, but not trabeculae (which occur in cancellous bone).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    How does an “infrared thermometer” determine body temperature?
    An IR “thermometer” has a sensor that detects emitted IR radiation. The radiated energy is proportional to the fourth power of temperature of the radiating body (Stefan-Boltzmann law), so the detected IR is converted to a core temperature by the device electronics (surface temp is not of interest). Choice D is wrong, while choice B is nonsense.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Approximately how much pressure does a science lecturer who has a mass of 70 kg and is standing on one foot (which has an area of 0.0165 m2) exert on the ground? (Acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2.)
    Pressure = force divided by area (and force is mass times acceleration due to gravity). P = (70 × 10) ÷ 0.0165 = 42,424 Pa ~ = 42 kPa.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    Which one of the following statements best describes what is meant by the “principle of conservation of energy”?
    Energy is noticed when it is transformed from one form to another. However, the total amount, when all of its forms are accounted for, does not change.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion
    A bathroom scales displays a mass reading of 68.4 kg. Which one of the following could NOT be the true mass of the person standing on the scales?
    A reading of 68.4 (i.e. stated to the nearest 0.1 kg) means that the actual value is between 68.35 and 68.44, so only 68.47 (which is closer to 68.5) is outside this range.
    Author: rikazzz Comment