Anatomy and Physiology

    Muscles
    What does the term “origin” refer to in the musculoskeletal system?
    Muscles are said to “originate” on the bone that does not move when that muscle contracts and to insert on the bone that does flex or extend when the muscle contracts.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    What do “sympathetic” and “parasympathetic” refer to? Divisions of:
    The autonomic nervous system is comprised of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Endocrine System
    One of the following groups of hormones has their receptor inside the cell. Which one?
    Steroids are lipids, hence are lipid soluble so can enter the cell.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which of the following quantities of substance would, when dissolved in 1 L of water, produce a solution with the highest osmolarity?
    Sodium chloride is an ionic substance, so when it dissolves, 1 mol of it would separate into 1 mol of individual Na+ ions and 1 mol of Cl− ions giving a total of 2 osmoles of separate particles (ions) per litre.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion
    What is the “mode” value of these ten wages?
    Mode is the most commonly occurring value. $475 appears three times so is the mode.
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    Cells and Tissues
    The cells that are found in tendons are called:
    Simple squamous. A single layer of flat (squashed) cells so diffusion through the layer takes place easily. Lines heart, lymph and blood vessels (known as endothelium). Called mesothelium when in serous membranes.
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    Cardiovascular System
    Why is blood pressure stated in units of “mmHg”? Because:
    Mercury (also known as hydrogyrum) was the liquid used in manometers (pressure measuring devices) because of its very high density compared with water.
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    Cardiovascular System
    What is the SECOND step in the three phases of haemostasis listed below?
    The three phases are vascular phase, platelet phase and coagulation phase (which, in turn, has three steps).
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    Electricity
    Complete the sentence: “Defibrillation” is the process where for a few milliseconds, a direct current of about:
    The current is large and is applied to the outside of body to bare skin.
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    Cardiovascular System
    What feature does cardiac muscle possess that is missing in skeletal muscle?
    Intercalated discs join the membrane of one cardiac cell with its neighbour and promote rapid conduction of depolarisation between cells.
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