Anatomy and Physiology

    Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion
    What does the standard deviation of the mean represent? For values that are normally distributed, it represents:
    The term “standard” in standard deviation of a distribution of measured values means that it may be relied upon to encompass 68% of all measured values.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    What is the healthy human core body temperature?
    Healthy human body temperature is close to 37. It can be elevated to 38 (and more) by vigorous activity.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    How does accommodation in the eye occur? When our ciliary muscle:
    The ciliary muscle is doughnut-shaped with the lens in the “hole” and attached to the muscle by ciliary fibres (zonules). When the ciliary muscle relaxes, it moves away from the lens (the diameter of the hole increases) which causes the ciliary fibres to pull on the lens. This tension in the fibres stretches and flattens the lens into a less convex shape.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Which statement about the kidney anatomy is correct? Renal pyramids are in the:
    Pyramids for the medulla. They contain collecting ducts that deliver urine a minor calyx via a papilla.
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    Respiratory System
    What distinguishes bronchioles from the larger bronchi?
    Bronchioles have no cartilage so may constrict and dilate. They do not collapse. Terminal bronchiole and respiratory bronchioles lie between the bronchioles and the alveoli.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    The pH of the stomach and the pH of the small intestine are BEST described (respectively) as:
    The pH of the stomach contents is about 2 (strongly acidic), while the pH of the small intestine is about 8 (weakly alkaline). Thus B is the best answer.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Endocrine System
    Where are the receptors for almost all of the amino acid-derived hormones located?
    Amino acid-derived hormones cannot get through the plasma membrane so they attach to receptors located on the outside of the membrane.
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    Cells and Tissues
    What tissue has cells that are closely packed and that have one surface attached to a basement membrane and the other free to a space?
    This is a definition of epithelial tissue.
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    Muscles
    Skeletal muscle cells have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT one. Which one?
    Skeletal muscle cells are not branched (but cardiac muscle cells are).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Biomechanics
    Which of the following is NOT a reason for using a slide sheet?
    The patient’s base of support (their area of contact with the bed) is not changed by a slide sheet.
    Author: rikazzz Comment