Anatomy and Physiology

    Muscles
    Which statement below best describes the role of Ca++ in muscle contraction?
    Ca attaches to troponin causing a shape change which shifts the attached tropomyosin away from binding sites of actin.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    Which of the following does NOT contribute to increasing the surface area of the small intestine?
    The crypts produce the secretion known as intestinal juice.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Respiratory System
    What passes through the foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?
    The olfactory bulbs rest upon the cribriform plate, and nerves from the bulbs descend through it to the top of the nasal cavity.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cells and Tissues
    Which of the following is a component of the plasma membrane of a cell?
    Despite the term “plasma”, A and C are wrong. And it is phospholipids, not glycolipids, that occur in the membrane.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    The unit millimoles per litre (mmol/L) refers to which of the following?
    A mole = 6 × 1023 particles, a millimole (mmol) = 6 × 1020 particles. When dissolved, whether the particles are ions or molecules makes no difference.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
    Which of the following statements about sound and light is INCORRECT?
    Sound cannot travel through a vacuum, but all EM radiation, including light, can.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    Where are the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles located?
    They are two of the three “hamstring” muscles on the dorsal thigh, the other being the biceps femoris.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Fenestrated capillaries permit the exchange of nutrients and wastes between cells and the blood because of which feature of their structure?
    The pores (holes) in the endothelium allow passage of material through the capillary wall.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Endocrine System
    What hormone(s) does the adrenal medulla produce?
    Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced in the adrenal medulla (the deep or inside part). Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid, which like corticosteroids and glucocorticoids, as the “cortico” in the name suggests, are all produced in the adrenal cortex.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    What does the term “oliguria” refer to?
    Oliguria refers to a less than normal daily volume of urine being produced. Normal is about 2 litres per day.
    Author: rikazzz Comment