Anatomy and Physiology

    Cardiovascular System
    Leucocytes may be correctly described as what?
    All leucocytes have a nucleus and do not contain haemoglobin.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Some capillaries allow plasma proteins and phagocytes to enter and leave the blood. Which type?
    Sinusoids are capillaries that have gaps between their endothelial cells that are large enough to allow the passage of cells.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    What is the condition known as hyperkalaemia characterised by?
    Kalaemia refers to potassium. “Hyper-” refers to more or an excess.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Ionising Radiation
    What time does the half-life of a radioactive sample refer to? The time for the:
    This is the best answer, although the daughter nuclei may themselves also be radioactive and so contribute to the radioactivity of the sample. When a nucleus decays, it (or the daughter nucleus) is still there, so choice D is wrong.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    Which of the following bones is classified as a “flat” bone?
    The frontal bone and all cranial bone are “flat”. Choices A and B are long bones, while the fabella is a sesamoid bone in the tendon of the gastrocnemius muscle.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    A “postganglionic cholinergic fibre” refers to a neuron that:
    A “postganglionic cholinergic fibre” runs from a ganglion to an effector organ (so choice A is wrong) and releases ACh (so choice C is wrong). Alpha and beta receptors are both adrenergic – that is, bind with epinephrine and norepinephrine (=adrenalin and noradrenalin) – so choice B is wrong.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Through which structure must the filtrate move to enter the Bowman’s capsule from the glomerulus?
    Together these three structures form the filtration membrane
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    What does the pH of a buffered solution depend on?
    The pH of the buffered solution will change very little when either acid or base is added.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Ionising Radiation
    In a radiotherapy treatment plan for a deep tumour, which of the following is part of the treatment plan?
    “Fractionation” of the dose allows the healthy tissue some time to recover between irradiations. It also allows the tumour to be targeted from another direction by passing the beam through a different part of the body.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    What part of the nephron performs the majority of the reabsorption of materials from the filtrate?
    The proximal convoluted tubule (the first part or the renal tubule) absorbs most of the required material.
    Author: rikazzz Comment