Anatomy and Physiology

    Organisation of the Body
    When the body is standing in the “anatomical position”, which of the following is true?
    In the anatomical position, the palms are displayed ventrally. The radius is further from the body’s midline than is the ulna; hence, it is lateral to the ulna.
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    Integument
    The “stratum corneum” is part of the skin that:
    The stratum corneum is “not alive” so forms the protective barrier between the human internal environment and our surroundings.
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    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    Which of the following factors contributes LEAST to the human sensation of “hot” or “cold” when an object is touched?
    The amount of heat in an object depends on the size of the object. The sensation of hot or cold depends on the other three things.
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    Nervous System
    Which part of the brain contains the cells that allow us to consciously control voluntary muscle movements?
    The precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe is anterior to the central sulcus (which divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobes) and is our primary motor area.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which statement below best describes an acid solution? The pH is less than:
    An acidic solution has a pH of less than 7.0
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    Nervous System
    What are the names of the two types of photoreceptors in the retina?
    Cone cells are sensitive to colour while rod cells are more sensitive in scotopic (low light) conditions. Ganglion and bipolar cells are not sensitive to light. The fovea centralis is the central region of the macula lutea of the retina.
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    Ionising Radiation
    Which of the following is NOT a feature of mammography?
    Mammography uses x-rays which ARE ionising radiation, albeit giving the patient a small dose of radiation.
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    Nervous System
    Which of the following would conduct an action potential with the greatest speed?
    Myelinated fibres allow for faster conduction speed as does greater diameter of axon.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    To what does the term “mole” refer?
    Mole is the SI unit for “amount of substance”. Choice C is the correct number.
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    Integument
    Which skin layer is the most superficial?
    Stratum corneum is the outermost corny or horny layer made largely of keratin.
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