Anatomy and Physiology

    Cells and Tissues
    Choose the tissue below that is one of the four primary types of body tissue.
    Epithelial is a major tissue type (as is muscle, nervous and connective).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    Sound level (measured in decibels, dB) is a subjective measure of the loudness of a sound. A sound of 90 dB:
    This sound pressure level (or perhaps even 85 dB) will produce hearing damage with long-term exposure. The decibel is not a statement about frequency. 0 dB is the threshold of human hearing. Different frequencies if all played at 90 dB would be perceived as different in loudness.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    How does a clinical (or fever) thermometer differ from a standard thermometer?
    A clinical thermometer should maintain its reading (be maximum reading) so that the value does not change when it is removed from the measuring site.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    What does bile do?
    Emulsification of fat is the role played by bile.
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    Nervous System
    To what does the following description apply? “An unlearned and involuntary but predictable motor response to a stimulus that is rapid and does not involve any processing by the brain”.
    Spinal reflexes happen without the involvement of conscious or unconscious decision-making by the brain.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    The tricuspid valve separates which two structures?
    The tricuspid valve is also known as the right atrioventricular valve, so it lies between the right atrium and right ventricle.
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    Cardiovascular System
    A plaque in a coronary vessel wall will result in a decrease in the lumen diameter of a coronary artery and in less oxygen being delivered to the heart muscle. Why is this?
    Poiseuille’s law states that volume flow rate is proportional to radius the fourth power, so a decrease in radius results in a decrease in flow rate and hence less oxygen being delivered to the myocardium.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    What is the blood-brain barrier?
    The BBB is the endothelial cells of the capillaries (which are joined by tight junctions), their basement membrane and the enveloping astrocytic feet of the astrocytes (one of the cell types called neuroglia).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Organisation of the Body
    The directional term “superior” in anatomy means which of the following?
    Cephalic refers to the head region, while superior refers to being closer to the head than is the other anatomical structure in question.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    If 1 mol of magnesium chloride (Mg2+ Cl−2) was dissolved in a litre of water, how many osmoles would be present in the solution?
    From the given formula, there are three ions in the solution, one magnesium and two chloride, which would disassociate in solution. This would produce three osmoles of ions.
    Author: rikazzz Comment