Anatomy and Physiology

    Cardiovascular System
    When blood pressure is measured in the brachial artery by the auscultatory method, why should the arm be at the same level as the heart?
    If the arm is higher, the pressure in the brachial artery will be lower than aortic pressure (and vice versa).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Most nonmolecular compounds form by the chemical combination of:
    Ionic compounds are formed when metal atoms react with non-metal atoms. The structures that form are not molecular.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    One of the following cells does NOT occur in blood. Which one?
    Osteocytes are bone cells.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    Blood cell formation (haemopoiesis) occurs in which of the following structures?
    Red marrow is “active” marrow, in that blood cells are being formed there. Red marrow occurs in the medullary cavity as well as in the cancellous bone of the epiphyses.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
    The phenomenon of refraction is due to:
    In choice D, the different speeds with which different frequencies of light travel through media are due to the different refractive indices of the different frequencies.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Integument
    What is the “superficial fascia”?
    Hypodermis is not part of the skin but is synonymous with superficial fascia. Choice D is incorrect as while subcutaneous fat may be located between the skin and the muscle layer, it is not superficial fascia.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Ionising Radiation
    “Half-life” when applied to atoms of a radioactive isotope refers to the:
    This is the best answer. Half-life refers to the atoms of an isotope of the one element. The daughter nuclei may themselves also be radioactive and so contribute to the radioactivity of the sample now containing a mixture of original isotope atoms and daughter atoms.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Blood flow is largely regulated at a tissue level. Which of the following could be said regarding this process?
    A high level of CO2 in the tissues will promote vasodilation to remove it and to provide more O2. ADH produces vasoconstriction which is the opposite of what is required to correct acidaemia. Normally (in the absence of ventilation problems) the blood buffers prevent any change in blood pH so choice D is wrong.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which one of the following processes that describe movement of the particles in a solution does NOT require passing through a membrane?
    While diffusion can occur through a membrane, its presence is not required in order to define diffusion.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Respiratory System
    Suppose that the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is doubled from its normal value of 14 kPa. What would then be the partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood leaving the alveoli?
    The amount of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid that is in contact with the gas is determined by the partial pressure of that gas. If pp. of O is 14 kPa × 2, then the concentration of O that is dissolved in blood in the alveolar capillaries is also 28 kPa.
    Author: rikazzz Comment