Anatomy and Physiology

    Nervous System
    If a person had a prefrontal lobotomy, what would be the physiological consequences?
    If the connection between the prefrontal cortex and the brain is severed, the person would not have anxiety, tension or frustration, or tact and decorum. They would be unaware of the consequences of their actions.
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    Muscles
    Which muscle and bone listed below do NOT work together in combination?
    The biceps femoris lies adjacent to the femur, not the humerus.
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    Muscles
    What structure attaches a muscle to a bone?
    A tendon is part of a muscle. Ligaments attach bones to each other, while cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of bone.
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    Reproductive System
    Sperm gain motility as they pass through which structure? The
    In the prostate, sperm are mixed with seminal fluid from the seminal vesicles. This fluid mobilises the flagellum of a sperm cell.
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    Cells and Tissues
    Which of the following is a connective tissue?
    Blood contains cells separated by a liquid matrix. Choices A and B are epithelial and nervous tissues.
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    Electricity
    What is one difference between static electricity and current electricity?
    The word “current” means flowing while “static” means not moving.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which of the following is a typical formula for a polypeptide?
    A polypeptide is several amino acids joined together. Hence the element nitrogen must be present.
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    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    Which of the statements is a description of basal metabolic rate in a human?
    “Basal” metabolic rate refers to the minimum amount. This occurs when there is no movement (apart from breathing and cardiovascular movements) and little mental activity.
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    Biomechanics
    What are the two purposes served by pulleys used in traction systems? These are to:
    Pulleys change the direction of the force provided by the hanging masses and (if the pulley is a moveable one) provide a mechanical advantage.
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    Nervous System
    When an action potential arrives at a synapse, what happens first?
    As the axon terminal depolarises when the action potential arrives, calcium channels open, and extracellular calcium enters the axon terminal. This stimulates the release of a neurotransmitter (e.g. ACh) into the synaptic cleft.
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