Anatomy and Physiology

    Cardiovascular System
    What does Angiotensin II do?
    Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor. It also stimulates thirst, the secretion of ADH and the adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone. All of which cause BP to increase (provided that we do drink).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    A cold pack, applied to reduce swelling, is more effective if it contains melting ice at 0 °C rather than water at 0 °C. Why is this?
    The heat that transfers from the bruised part is used to break the bonds between adjacent water molecules to melt the ice, rather than to increase the kinetic energy of the molecules. Temp measures the average kinetic energy of the molecules. Hence temperature does not rise until all the ice has melted.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Endocrine System
    Which hormone(s) increases the reabsorption of Ca++ from the filtrate in the kidney tubule?
    PTH causes increased calcium absorption and hence increases blood calcium level.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which of the following is a substance known as a salt?
    A salt is produced when an acid reacts with a base. Hence it has two words in its name: the first comes from the base (potassium hydroxide), while the second word is derived from the name of the acid (hydrochloric acid).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    What are the “ascending tracts” of the spinal cord and what do they do?
    Tracts means white matter as axons is myelinated which makes them look white. Ascending means that the nerve impulses are going from the body to brain, that is, they are carrying sensory input to the brain.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    What is the term meaning the production of urine?
    A drug that promotes urine production is a diuretic, while one that does the reverse is an antidiuretic.
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    Respiratory System
    Which molecule has the greatest effect in controlling lung ventilation?
    It is carbon dioxide and not oxygen that stimulates lung ventilation. Respiratory centre of the brain responds to incoming signals from peripheral chemical receptors (when CO2 ↑), by sending signals to respiratory muscles via nerves.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Integument
    One of the following is NOT a type of sweat gland. Which one?
    Endocrine is a general term for glands that produce hormones. Merocrine is another name for eccrine.
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    Muscles
    Of the events that lead to myofilaments sliding over each other, which of the following happens first?
    Ca must first enter the cytoplasm in order to bind with troponin. Once the binding site is exposed, the myosin head may engage the site. Prior to engagement, ATP must be hydrolysed to ADP.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Reproductive System
    Which cells develop into the corpus luteum?
    Granulosa cells invade the ruptured antrum and proliferate to become the CC.
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