Anatomy and Physiology MCQs

Connective tissue that surrounds muscle

Epithelial tissue that lies under the skin

Connective tissue of the hypodermis

Epithelial tissue of the abdominal serous membranes

Deep fascia is a fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and penetrates into the muscles, as well as surrounding bones, nerves and blood vessels. Muscle epimysium is an example of deep fascia. Choice C is referring to superficial fascia.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Renal System

Which of the following statements about urine-specific gravity is WRONG?

If urine specific gravity is 1.003, the urine is dilute.

A urine specific gravity value of 1.015 = 1015 mmol/L.

If urine specific gravity is 1.030, the person is dehydrated.

A specific gravity value of 1.010 is equal to a urine density of 1.010 g/ml.

Urine SG is the same value as urine density in g/ml, but without the units.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Gastrointestinal System

Which of the following presents the structures through which chyme travels in the correct sequence?

Oesophagus, ileum, duodenum, ileo-caecal valve, transverse colon, rectum

Stomach, duodenum, ileum, transverse colon, ileo-caecal valve, rectum

Stomach, duodenum, transverse colon, ileum, rectum, ileo-caecal valve

Ileo-caecal valve, stomach, duodenum, transverse colon, ileum, rectum

Food is not referred to as “chyme” until after it is in the stomach (excludes A). Rectum is the last structure (excludes C). Stomach should be before ileo-caecal valve (excludes D).

Author: rikazzz Comment

Biomechanics

A person whose mass is 50 kg would have a weight closest to:

50 kg because mass and weight are directly proportional to each other (on Earth)

50 N because F1 = -F2 (Newton’s third law)

500 kg because weight = mass × 10 (approximately)

500 N because F = m × a (Newton’s second law)

Choice C is almost correct, but the unit of force is the newton, while the kilogram is the unit of mass.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Cardiovascular System

What is the term “formed elements” used to mean in a description of blood?

White blood cells, red blood cells and platelets

Blood plasma

Blood serum

The clotting factors in blood

Formed elements are the nonliquid or solute parts of the blood.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Muscles

What action does the flexor carpi ulnaris perform?

It flexes the lower arm.

The same as the extensor carpi ulnaris.

It flexes the fingers.

The same as the flexor carpi radialis.

The flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor carpi radialis perform the same action – flexing the wrist; the former lies superficial to the ulna bone, while the latter is adjacent and superficial to the radius bone.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Cells and Tissues

What is the function of the cell plasma membrane?

It maintains an intracellular environment that is hypotonic compared to the extracellular fluid.

It protects the cell from dehydration by limiting water flow from the cell.

It regulates the passage of molecules and ions into an out of the cell.

It provides the supportive medium for membrane proteins.

The plasma membrane is made of lipid and separates the aqueous intracellular fluid from the aqueous extracellular fluid. Substances cannot enter or leave the cell unless they are lipid soluble or by endo-/exocytosis or have a membrane protein pore or transport mechanism that can move them through the membrane.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Skeleton and Joints

In a long bone, which of the following parts are involved in an articulation?

Epiphysis

Metaphysis

Diaphysis

Symphysis

Epiphysis refers to the end of a long bone. The ends articulate with adjacent bones.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Nervous System

Which statement about neurotransmitters and/or receptors is correct?

All somatic motor neurons release ACh at their synapse.