Anatomy and Physiology

    Biomechanics
    Traction forces may be represented by vectors. In Hamilton-Russell traction, which of the following vectors is equal in magnitude to the traction force?
    By elevating the foot of the bed, the patient tends to slide towards the head of the bed which is opposite to the direction of traction pull.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Glucose is a sugar with a molecular formula C6H12O6. Given that the atomic weights are C = 12, H = 1 and O = 16, what is the mass of 1 mol of glucose?
    Mass of 1 mol of glucose = (6 × 12) + (12 × 1) + (6 × 16) = 72 + 12 + 96 = 180 g.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Which statement about neutrophils is correct?
    Neutrophils do have a nucleus but don’t have haemoglobin. Eosinophils are a type of WBC as are neutrophils, but they are not the same.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Respiratory System
    Which of the following lists the components of the respiratory membrane?
    The epithelium of the alveoli and capillary (including the basement membrane) and the fluid covering the alveolar surface (which includes surfactant) together form the respiratory membrane through which gases must pass.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Choose the structure known as the pacemaker of the heart from the following.
    The SA node in the right atrial wall sets the pace of the heart rate.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Integument
    Which stratum of the epidermis protects the body against water loss and abrasion?
    The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and is composed of dead cells filled with keratin. This layer is harmlessly rubbed off (abrades) as the body comes into contact with objects outside the body.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    Which muscle is located on the posterior part of the forearm?
    This question is testing the knowledge that muscles on the posterior part of the forearm are extensors (extend the fingers), while muscles on the anterior part are flexors. It also relies on knowing that these muscles are named according to their action. Hence the answer is C.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Using “suction” to drain fluid is described correctly by which choice below? Creating a:
    Fluids will flow towards the lower pressure, so creating a pressure below atmospheric pressure will cause fluid to be pushed by atmospheric pressure towards the negative pressure.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    Which of the following correctly states the principle of conservation of energy in terms of the human body? (Assume no foodstuffs are consumed and no urine or faeces are excreted.)
    Energy that leaves the body (without mass) must be in the form of heat loss or work done by body movements. The formula in A may be used to determine the energy value of a food burned in a calorimeter.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    The liver contains “leaky capillaries” known as sinusoids. This enables what liver product to enter the bloodstream?
    Plasma proteins are large molecules that otherwise would not be able to enter (or leave) blood capillaries.
    Author: rikazzz Comment