Anatomy and Physiology

    Reproductive System
    What is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone in the male? To stimulate the:
    FSH stimulates the production or maturation of gametes. In the male, the production of sperm.
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    Nervous System
    Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?
    The fluid (aqueous humour) in the anterior chamber is not a lens.
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    Cardiovascular System
    If a blood pressure is stated as 120 over 80 (in units of mm Hg), this means:
    The larger value (120) is the systolic pressure (i.e. at the end of ventricular contraction) and states by how much the blood pressure is above atmospheric pressure.
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    Endocrine System
    One of the statements below is true. Which one?
    Testosterone is not produced in the pituitary nor does the pituitary contain autonomic centres.
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    Respiratory System
    In a healthy person, which of these lung volumes should be the largest?
    Vital capacity = expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve capacity. So VC is the largest (RV is ~1.2 L).
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    Organisation of the Body
    Which term describes the location of the adrenal glands with reference to the kidneys?
    The adrenal glands are on the cephalic side of the kidneys. Being closer to the head, they are termed “superior to the kidneys”.
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    Endocrine System
    Which cells produce insulin?
    Islets of Langerhans = pancreatic islets. Alpha cells produce glucagon.
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    Cardiovascular System
    The colloid osmotic pressure of blood is due to which of the following?
    Plasma proteins (also called “colloids”) produce colloid osmotic pressure. There should be no proteins in the interstitial fluid.
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    Reproductive System
    Which statement about the “granulosa cells” is NOT correct?
    Granulosa cells surround the ovum that was formed before birth.
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    Muscles
    What is the source of the majority of the energy needed by muscles for physical activity that continues for longer than 30 or 40 min?
    Choice A lasts for a few seconds only. Choice B can provide energy for a couple of minutes. Choice C can provide energy for vigorous activity lasting about 15 s.
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