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Anatomy and Physiology
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Anatomy and Physiology
- Page 37
Organisation of the Body
41
Cells and Tissues
129
Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion
45
Integument
65
Homeostasis
0
Skeleton and Joints
100
Muscles
98
Gastrointestinal System
140
Endocrine System
102
Renal System
117
Cardiovascular System
365
Respiratory System
130
Nervous System
292
Reproductive System
72
The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
62
Ionising Radiation
92
Electricity
35
Biomechanics
58
Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
70
Chemistry for Physiology
279
Show/Hide Answers
Ionising Radiation
At a distance of 1 m, exposure to a particular radionuclide is found to result in an absorbed dose of 12 mGy. If the time of exposure remains constant, what will the absorbed dose be at a distance of 2 m?
3 mGy
6 mGy
12 mGy
24 mGy
If the distance doubles, the dose would be expected to decrease according to the inverse square of distance: (½)
2
= ¼. One quarter of 12 is 3.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Gastrointestinal System
From which of the gut structures below is most digested food absorbed?
Duodenum
Stomach
Ileum
Ascending colon
The ileum is part of the small intestine distal to the duodenum which has a structure suited to absorption.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Biomechanics
Many of the muscle-bone combinations in the body behave as third-class levers. Why do these require a muscle tension (the effort force) much greater than the load’s force?
Because the effort force is applied further from fulcrum than is the load force
Because the effort force is applied closer to the fulcrum than is the load force
Because the fulcrum lies between the load and the effort
Because the fulcrum is further from the effort force than is the load force
The closer is the effort to the fulcrum, the greater is the effort it must exert to shift the load.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Respiratory System
What are the membranes that surround each lung called? The:
Parietal and visceral membranes
Parietal and visceral meninges
Pleura
Peritoneum
The pleura surrounds each lung. There is an outer (parietal) layer and an inner layer, the visceral pleura.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Gastrointestinal System
The products of fat digestion are absorbed into the epithelial cells of the intestinal wall differently from the way products of protein and carbohydrate digestion are. The reason is:
The products of protein and carbohydrate digestion are smaller.
The products of fat digestion are actively transported across the plasma membrane.
The products of fat digestion are smaller.
Monoglycerides are soluble in the plasma membrane.
The products of fat digestion are fat (lipid) soluble so can penetrate the plasma membrane which is made of lipid.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
A drug, such as cocaine, which stimulates the heart but does directly inhibit the heart’s ability to relax, would be considered a:
Sympatholytic
Sympathomimetic
Parasympatholytic
Parasympathomimetic
Sympathomimetic drugs are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of agonists of the sympathetic nervous system such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), that is, they cause the heart to beat faster. A sympatholytic (or sympathoplegic) drug is a medication which inhibits the functioning of the sympathetic nervous system. The choices C and D refer to slowing down the heart.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Nervous System
An epidural block involves injecting anaesthetic into the epidural space. What is the main reason for this?
Anaesthetic in this space only affects spinal nerves in the immediate vicinity of the injection.
The anaesthetic will be readily distributed along the spinal cord by the cerebral spinal fluid from this space.
There is less chance of damaging the spinal cord when inserting the needle into this space.
The epidural space is highly vascularised, so the anaesthetic will be quickly absorbed.
The epidural space contains adipose tissue and spinal nerves passing through this space. Injecting anaesthetic into this space anaesthetises (blocks) the nearby spinal nerves.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
How may the transfusion reaction that results from infusion with incompatible blood be described?
Antibodies in the recipient’s blood attack the donated RBC.
Antibodies in the donated blood attack the recipient’s RBC.
Antigens on the recipient’s RBC attack the donated blood.
Antigens on the recipient’s blood attack the donated blood.
Antigens are on the plasma membrane of RBC; antibodies are in the plasma. Antibodies attack antigens. While choice B can happen, it does not cause problems.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
Which of the following is a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
Cardiac muscle is not striated (and skeletal muscle is).
Cardiac muscle fibres are branched (and skeletal muscle fibres are not).
Skeletal muscle is involuntary and is uninucleate (and cardiac muscle is neither).
Skeletal muscle has intercalated discs (and cardiac muscle doesn’t).
Cardiac muscle cells have branches, but skeletal muscle cells are single fibres.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cells and Tissues
What is one function of mitochondria? To:
Produce enzymes to break down molecules
Produce molecules of ATP
Hold adjacent cells together
Allow passage of molecules through the plasma membrane
Mitochondria are organelles within which ATP is made.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
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