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Anatomy and Physiology
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Anatomy and Physiology
- Page 36
Organisation of the Body
41
Cells and Tissues
129
Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion
45
Integument
65
Homeostasis
0
Skeleton and Joints
100
Muscles
98
Gastrointestinal System
140
Endocrine System
102
Renal System
117
Cardiovascular System
365
Respiratory System
130
Nervous System
292
Reproductive System
72
The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
62
Ionising Radiation
92
Electricity
35
Biomechanics
58
Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
70
Chemistry for Physiology
279
Show/Hide Answers
Muscles
What is a sarcomere?
It is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell.
It is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.
It is a section of myofibril.
It is a bundle of thick and thin myofilaments.
While there are thick and thin myofibrils within a sarcomere, choice C is the better answer.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Chemistry for Physiology
Given that the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution with pH of 2 is 0.19%, what would be the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution with pH of 3?
0.13%
0.29%
0.019%
1.9%
A pH change of one corresponds to a change in hydronium ion concentration by a factor of 10. As the pH has risen, the acidity has decreased, so there are fewer hydronium ions. That is 1/10 of 0.19% = 0.019%
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
Which statement below about vitamin K is true?
It is water soluble.
It is essential for prothrombin production by the liver.
It is part of the “extrinsic pathway” of formation of prothrombin activator.
It destroys fibrin so allowing a clot to gradually dissolve.
Vitamin K is needed for the liver to produce prothrombin (inactive thrombin). Plasmin destroys fibrin.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
When a sound with a particular frequency is played at a loudness of 60 dB, and compared to the same sound played at 10 dB, what can be said about the intensity (in W/m
2
) of the 60 dB sound? It is:
50 times more intense than the 10 dB sound
5000 times more intense than the 10 dB sound
50,000 times more intense than the 10 dB sound
100,000 times more intense than the 10 dB sound
If a sound is 10 times more intense (10 × more W/m
2
) than another sound of the same frequency, then it is 10 dB (1 B) louder. If it is 100 times more intense, it sounds 20 dB louder. Hence, remembering the logarithmic nature of the loudness scale, a sound that is 50 dB (5 B) louder than another, is also 100,000 times (10
5
) more intense.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
Which of the following happens as we descend deeper into the kidney medulla?
The concentration of the interstitial fluid doesn’t change.
The concentration of the interstitial fluid increases.
The concentration of the filtrate within the tubule increases.
The concentration of the interstitial fluid decreases.
Concentration of the interstitial fluid increases. Choice C is not correct as the nephron tubule does not necessarily descend into the medulla.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Electricity
If a patient is connected to an ECG machine to obtain an electrocardiogram, to what standard must the electrical supply to the room be installed?
Cardiac-protected
Domestic standard
Body-protected
Double insulated
ECG electrodes are applied to the patient’s skin, so do not bypass the barrier to electric current flow that is the skin. Consequently, the protection must be against macro-electrocution. A body-protected area is required. “Double insulated” is a term that is applied to domestic appliances with an external plastic structure.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Chemistry for Physiology
A blood concentration of glucose that is indicative of diabetes is 12 mmol/L. What % concentration of glucose is this equivalent to? (The formula for glucose is C
6
H
12
O
6
; atomic mass of C = 12, H = 1, O = 16; mass of a mole = sum of masses of atoms in formula.)
0.012%
0.216%
5%
12%
(By calculation) Percent concentration refers to how many grams are dissolved in 100 ml of solution.One mole of glucose has a mass of 180 g. (6 × 12) + (12 × 1) + (6 × 16) = 180.12 mmol/L = 0.012 mol/Lmol/L = (mass/L)÷(mass of 1 mol): hence 0.012 mol/L = (mass/L)÷180; so mass = 180 × 0.012 = 2.16 g/ L2.16 g/L = 0.216 g/100 ml = 0.216%(Alternatively: The answer can’t be 5% as this is an isotonic glucose solution. Hence neither is it 12% as this is hypertonic. % conc is not the same number as mol/L, so the answer is not A.)
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Respiratory System
Between which two anatomical structures does the Larynx lie?
The nares and the choanae
The epiglottis and the trachea
The choanae and the glottis
The glottis and the epiglottis
The larynx is the tube that surrounds the vocal apparatus. It consists of the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage and is located at the top of the trachea.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
Which of the following would be the main mechanism of heat loss for a student sitting in a lecture theatre while attending a lecture?
Conduction
Radiation
Convection
Evaporation of perspiration
Heat loss through radiation (of infrared radiation) occurs continuously despite being clothed. Heat loss by conduction is low as clothes are insulators and also decrease convection losses. Sweating will be absent in an air-conditioned lecture theatre.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
Where are all of the glomeruli of the kidney located?
In the medulla
In the columns
In the pyramids
In the cortex
The tubules and collecting ducts extend into the medulla, but all glomeruli are in the cortex.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
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