Anatomy and Physiology MCQs

Reproductive System

Select one INCORRECT statement from the following:

Meiosis results in the reduction of chromosome numbers in cells from 2n to n.

The primordial follicle cells are present in females at birth.

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis result in the production of either four sperm or four ova.

Puberty is the time of life when the reproductive organs begin to mature.

Spermatogenesis results in the production of four sperm, but oogenesis results in the production of one ovum.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Chemistry for Physiology

When aspirin (an acid) is in the stomach (an acidic environment), what may be said of the aspirin molecules?

Most molecules will be un-ionised and therefore able to be pass through the stomach mucosa.

Most molecules will be ionised and therefore able to be pass through the stomach mucosa.

Most molecules will be un-ionised and therefore NOT able to pass through the stomach mucosa.

Aspirin will be in the form of its salt and therefore able to be pass through the stomach mucosa.

Aspirin in an acidic environment will be in its molecular form (and un-ionised). This makes it soluble in non-polar media like the plasma membrane (which is lipid). Being soluble in lipid, molecular aspirin is able to be absorbed from the stomach.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Integument

A drug that is applied to the skin and exerts its therapeutic effect systemically is said to be administered:

Transdermally

Topically

Intradermally

Subcutaneously

The prefix “trans” implies crossing the skin to be absorbed into the bloodstream, rather than affecting the skin onto which it is applied. “Topically” is reserved for the latter type of administration.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Gastrointestinal System

What are some products of lipid digestion?

Free bases and pentose sugars

Fructose and glucose

Amino acids and small peptides

Free fatty acids and monoglycerols

Lipids are digested into free fatty acids and monoglycerols.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Cells and Tissues

What is the role of mitochondria? To:

Function in cell division

Synthesise proteins

Form part of the plasma membrane

Synthesise fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids

Mitochondria produce ATP.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Chemistry for Physiology

A suitable definition of osmosis would be movement:

Of solute particles through a plasma membrane from the side where their concentration is greatest to the side where it is lower

Of water molecules through a plasma membrane from the side where their concentration is greatest to the side where it is lower

Of a substance from a region where it is in high concentration to where its concentration is lower

Caused by a hydrostatic pressure difference

Osmosis refers to movement of water molecules (not other molecules), by diffusion.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Renal System

To what does the “juxtaglomerular apparatus” refer?

To those nephrons whose loop of Henle penetrate deep into the medulla

To the lamina densa and podocytes that form filtration slits around the capillaries of the glomerulus

To the capillaries that surround the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

To certain cells of the distal convoluted tubule where it touches the afferent arteriole

The juxtaglomerular = macula densa cells (of the DCT wall) and granular cells (of the afferent arteriole wall).

Author: rikazzz Comment

The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound

What can be said about the collimated beam of electromagnetic energy produced by an Nd-YAG laser?

It has a higher frequency than visible light energy.

It stimulates the production of light as it passes through air.

It is produced when electrons change energy levels.

It consists of waves of two or more frequencies.

The EM energy produced by a laser occurs when electrons drop to a lower energy level from their “excited” state. An Nd-YAG laser produces one frequency of near infrared light (which is of lower frequency than visible light).

Author: rikazzz Comment

Chemistry for Physiology

Which of the following carbohydrates are able to pass through the plasma membrane?

Disaccharides

Sucrose

Glycogen

Monosaccharides

For example, glucose maybe absorbed from the gut by passing through the plasma membrane of the cells lining the gut. Glucose is also absorbed by cells for respiration inside mitochondria.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Ionising Radiation

Why is a shield made of lead effective in reducing the exposure to gamma rays? Because the:

Lead shield absorbs all of the gamma rays.

Number of gamma rays absorbed increases exponentially with the thickness of the shield.

Number of gamma rays absorbed increases in an inverse square fashion with thickness.

Lead shield reflects all the gamma rays.

The number of gamma photons that can pass through a medium is described by an exponential relationship. Their number decreases exponentially as the thickness increases.

Author: rikazzz Comment