Anatomy and Physiology

    Chemistry for Physiology
    Given that the healthy range of sodium ion concentration in the blood is 137–145 mmol/L, if the measured concentration of a blood sample was 130 mmol/L, what would the condition be called?
    Natrium is sodium. As 130 is less than 137, the prefix “hypo-” is the correct one.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which of the following statements could be applied to a hypertonic solution?
    RBC placed in a hypertonic solution would lose water to the solution, so their volume would decrease (they would shrink). This would cause their membrane to become wrinkled (to crenate).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Respiratory System
    Given that deoxygenated blood entering the alveolar capillaries has an oxygen partial pressure of 42 mmHg and a carbon dioxide partial pressure of 47 mmHg, while the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in the alveolar air are 103 mmHg and 40 mmHg, respectively, which of the following gas movements will occur?
    Dissolved substances will diffuse from where they are in high concentration to where they are at lower concentration. So O2 moves from alveolar air (where it is at 103 mmHg) to the capillaries (at 42 mmHg), while CO2 moves from capillaries (47 mmHg) to alveolar air (40 mmHg).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which of the particles listed below is the smallest?
    A proton is a subatomic particle so it is smaller than all of the others.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    Protein is digested to polypeptides by which of the following?
    Pepsinogen is inactive (otherwise it would digest the proteins with the zymogenic/chief cells) until converted to pepsin by HCl.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    Which bone(s) is/are part of the appendicular skeleton?
    The appendicular skeleton includes the four limbs and shoulder and pectoral girdles. The metacarpals are the bones of the hands.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Reproductive System
    If a cell is said to be “haploid”, what is meant?
    Haploid is the term used when a cell has half the usual number of chromosomes. Diploid means the cell has “2n” chromosomes, that is, two of each chromosome.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    What part of the brain contains the motor areas and the sensory areas?
    The central sulcus of the cerebrum separates the gyri containing the primary motor area in the frontal lobe and the primary sensory areas in the parietal lobes.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    Which two muscles are on the dorsal side of the body?
    While the erector spinae and infraspinatus are on the dorsal side, their partners are not. Choice A muscles are on the ventral surface.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Which of the following would produce a DECREASE in heart rate?
    Parasympathetic stimulation (which almost always utilises the vagus nerve) causes a decrease in heart rate.
    Author: rikazzz Comment