Anatomy and Physiology

    Renal System
    What is the name of the tube that connects the bladder to the kidney?
    Not to be confused with the urethra through which urine exits the body.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    In which of the following places would you NOT find cerebrospinal fluid?
    The epidural space surrounds the dura mater of the spinal cord and so is outside of the meninges and of the CNS. “Epi-” means on top of the dura.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    What is the innermost layer of the heart wall known as?
    “Endo-” means on the inside. Epicardium, also known as the visceral pericardium, is on the outside of the heart.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cells and Tissues
    Which of the base pairings in DNA would be correct?
    A pairs with T, while C pairs with G.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Why may plasma from a donor of any blood group be transfused into a patient with any blood group?
    The antigens that react with the recipient’s antibodies which result in agglutination reactions occur on the plasma membrane of the donor’s red blood cells. As plasma does not contain any RBC, an agglutination reaction cannot occur.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cells and Tissues
    Which of the following is NOT one of the organelles within a cell?
    Desmosomes (despite having the suffix “-some”) are not within the cell. They are structures that join adjacent plasma membranes to each other.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    What is found in blood serum that is also in blood plasma?
    Plasma proteins (except fibrinogen) are in plasma and in serum. Serum = plasma minus the clotting factors. Blood cells and platelets are not in plasma.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    One of the following structures is part of a “special sense”. That is, it is NOT a receptor for the general senses. Which one is it?
    Special senses are those that are localised to a particular organ. The semi-circular canals of the inner ear are part of our special sense of equilibrium. “Touch” (fingers) is not a special sense as all parts of the integument are sensitive to touch.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    What would be the concentration of a solution that causes red blood cells placed in it to swell?
    If the RBC swell, that means water is entering the cells; hence the surrounding liquid is at a lower concentration (i.e. hypotonic) to the liquid inside RBC.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    Which of the following glands are accessory organs of the digestive system?
    Salivary glands produce a secretion (saliva) that empties into the digestive tract via a tube. (Pancreatic islets are in the pancreas but are themselves not a gland.)
    Author: rikazzz Comment