Anatomy and Physiology MCQs

In the sternum

In the wrist

In the knee

In the neck

It is just superior to the cricoid cartilage, inferior to the mandible and superficial to the pharynx, also known as the lingual (tongue) bone.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Muscles

The energy for muscle contraction is derived from the mechanisms below EXCEPT for one. Which one is NOT a method of producing ATP?

Anaerobic glycolysis

Aerobic respiration

Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatinine phosphate

Anaerobic digestion of lactic acid

ATP is not produced from lactic acid – lactic acid is produced from pyruvic acid after glucose is anaerobically lysed into ATP and pyruvic acid.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Gastrointestinal System

What is the pH of the duodenum?

Highly acidic (pH between 1.5 and 3)

Highly alkaline (pH of 10–12)

Alkaline in the pH range 7.35–7.45

Alkaline (pH in the range 7.1–8.2)

The duodenum is slightly alkaline.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Nervous System

Of the following lists of four anatomical features, which one has the correct order of the path taken by sound energy as it is transmitted through the ear?

Tectorial membrane, malleus, oval window, cochlear fluid

Tectorial membrane, incus, round window, organ of Corti

Tympanic membrane, malleus, oval window, cochlear fluid

Tympanic membrane, stapes, round window, organ of Corti

The tympanic membrane (ear drum) is the first structure. The ossicles pass on the vibrations to the oval (not round) window of the cochlea.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Integument

Full-thickness burns to more than 20% of the body surface are life-threatening because of the:

Fluid loss and inability to produce vitamin D

Loss of ability to thermoregulate and infection

Inability to excrete lactic acid, urea and uric acid, loss of thermoregulation

Fluid loss and loss of the barrier against infection

Removing the skin barrier means that bacteria can enter the body and water can leave the body. This can be fatal.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Chemistry for Physiology

What may be stated about a molecule that is polar?

It is probably soluble in polar liquids such as lipids.

The molecule has a highly symmetrical shape.

It is likely to be soluble in non-polar liquids such as lipids.

One end of the molecule will contain different atoms from the opposite end.

A polar molecule has opposite ends (poles) that are different from each other. That is, the molecule is not symmetrical. Choice A is wrong as lipids are not polar liquids.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Cardiovascular System

Which capillaries allow cells and plasma proteins to enter or leave their lumen?

Continuous

Fenestrated

Sinusoidal

Anastomotic

Sinusoidal capillaries have some gaps between the adjacent endothelial cells (and a thin or absent basement membrane). The gaps are large enough for plasma proteins and some cells to pass through.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Integument

Three functions of the skin are to:

Store fat, produce sweat, and receive stimuli

Synthesise vitamin D, excrete bile and provide a barrier to the entry of bacteria

Produce keratin, assist in the immune response and produce lymphocytes

Produce melanin, secrete sebum and minimise water loss

Choice A is incorrect as fat is not stored. Choice B is incorrect as bile is not excreted. Choice C is incorrect as lymphocytes are not produced.

Author: rikazzz Comment

Muscles

When a muscle contracts, exactly what structure gets shorter?

The fascicles of a muscle