Anatomy and Physiology

    The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
    Which statement about a Doppler ultrasound stethoscope is true?
    A Doppler “stethoscope” produces ultrasound and detects the reflected ultrasound from moving red blood cells (or the moving heart wall). The motion of the object reflecting the ultrasound causes the reflected ultrasound to be shifted in frequency. Its depth of penetration in human tissue decreases as its frequency increases.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    A 1 L IV bag contains 0.18% sodium chloride and 4% glucose. What mass of solutes would be dissolved in 100 ml of the solution?
    0.18% sodium chloride and 4% glucose means 0.18 g of sodium chloride per 100 ml and 4 g of glucose per 100 ml.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Integument
    Which is the most superficial layer of the integument that also has capillaries, lymphatics and sensory neurons?
    The papillary layer is superficial to the reticular layer. Both are part of the dermis which is where the most superficial capillaries are.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Ionising Radiation
    What does it mean when an x-ray tube is operated at an accelerating voltage of 120 kV?
    X-rays are emitted from the tube with a range of energies (a spectrum) which will range from mid-teens to low 20s of keV (depending on the amount of “filtration” that the photons pass through) up to the maximum value which will equal the accelerating voltage.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    Which of the following is an example of a synovial joint? The joint between the:
    The radius and ulna are freely moving at the elbow joint.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    Which of the list below is a cell that reabsorbs bone?
    The suffix “-blast” refers to an immature cell. In this case it develops into an osteocyte after it has secreted bone matrix around itself.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Respiratory System
    If the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere was halved, what effect would this have on the amount of oxygen that would now dissolve in the alveolar fluid? It would:
    The amount of gas that will dissolve in water is proportional to its partial pressure (Henry’s law). Hence, if the partial pressure in the atmosphere halves, the partial pressure in the alveoli will be approximately half, so the amount that will dissolve will also approximately halve.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    The sequence of events that constitute an action potential is correctly described by which of the following? Resting potential of:
    The resting potential is negative, and the first ion movement is sodium ions into of the cell.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Which one of the statements about the collecting ducts is true? The collecting duct absorbs:
    ADH causes aquaporins (water channels) to be inserted into the collecting duct walls. The collecting duct is impermeable to the other substances.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Complete the following sentence correctly. Angiotensin II:
    Aldosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex in response to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II also stimulates thirst.
    Author: rikazzz Comment