Anatomy and Physiology

    Respiratory System
    Boyle’s law states that pressure multiplied by volume is a constant value. Hence, which of the following statements is correct?
    Boyle’s states: P × V = constant. This means that as one of P or V increases, the other decreases enough for their product to be unchanged. Hence, as V increases with chest expansion, P decreases to below atmospheric pressure (a negative pressure).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    Which of the following structures produce bile?
    Bile is a liver product that is stored in the gall bladder.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    The human eye is able to alter its focal length in a process called accommodation. Choose the best description of accommodation from the ones below. When the ciliary muscle:
    When the ciliary muscle contracts, it forms a smaller diameter circle around the lens causing the fibres that connect it to the lens to slacken, which allows the elastic lens to recoil (ooze) into a rounder shape. This has a shorter focal length.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Organisation of the Body
    The dorsal body cavity contains which of the following organs?
    Dorsal refers to the back and is opposite to ventral. Only the brain and spinal cord occupy the dorsal cavity. All other answers are incorrect.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    What are the structural components of proteins?
    Peptides are used for several amino acids joined together.
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    Cardiovascular System
    Through which valve does blood flow when it moves from the right atrium into the right ventricle?
    The tricuspid valve is on the right side of the heart between the atrium and ventricle. Bicuspid is on the left.
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    Nervous System
    What is the function of the reticular formation (or reticular activating system) of the brain?
    The reticular formation is located in the brainstem, and so all sensory information from receptors for pressure touch, pain and limb position pass through here. Vision and sound stimulate the reticular formation. Choices A and B refer to the limbic system. Our circadian rhythm involves the pineal gland.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    What is “autoregulation”? It is the adjustment of blood flow to each tissue due to:
    Autoregulation refers to the tissue regulating its own blood flow depending on the concentration of chemicals (oxygen, carbon dioxide, metabolites) within the tissue.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Ionising Radiation
    Which is the most penetrating nuclear radiation?
    X-rays are photons, so they have no mass or charge. Hence they interact only weakly with the matter through which they pass. In addition, 5 MeV are very energetic x-rays, so they are more penetrating than gamma ray photons with less energy.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Which capillaries have walls that allow the easiest passage of materials through them?
    Sinusoids have spaces between endothelial cells and may have an absent basement membrane. This allows for the easiest movement of material.
    Author: rikazzz Comment