Anatomy and Physiology

    Respiratory System
    A bronchiole differs from tertiary (and smaller) bronchi in that it:
    While bronchi are held rigidly open by their cartilage, bronchioles do not have cartilage in their wall.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Increasing the number of red cells per millilitre of blood will:
    Increasing the number of RBC would increase blood viscosity, and if viscosity increases, then the rate of flow would decrease (Poiseuille’s law).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    What is the purpose of the optic chiasma?
    The optic chiasma (crossing) allows the stimulation produced by light striking the rods and cones on the medial aspect of one eye to cross over to the other side of the brain to travel with the stimulation produced in the lateral aspect of the other eye. Hence some information from each eye is interpreted together in each side of the occipital lobe. In this way, binocular vision and the perception of distance are achieved.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    What is true about the “muscularis externa”?
    Muscularis externa is a layer (a tunic) of the gut wall.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    An acid may be defined as a substance that:
    An acid produces hydronium ions. Choice A defines a strong acid (but not a weak one).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    In the digestion of food molecules, the process known as “hydrolysis” involves an enzyme and what else?
    Hydro- refers to water; -lysis refers to splitting of a molecule.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Respiratory System
    With regard to the respiratory centre, which of the following is TRUE?
    Anaesthesia or narcotics (e.g. morphine) can depress respiratory centres (which decreases ventilation). Raised intracranial pressure can also depress respiration. It is CO2 concentration rather than O2 concentration that affects the respiratory centre of the brain.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    Which neurons are unipolar?
    Most sensory neurones are unipolar, that is, the axon and dendrites are not separated by the cell body but are the one strand (are fused), with the cell body attached to it by a single process.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    One of the functions of bones is to make red blood cells. What is this process known as?
    Haemopoiesis (or haematopoiesis) refers to making all of cellular components of blood. The other (wrong) choices are, respectively, the rupturing (lysis) of RBC, blood in the urine and the process by which we cause bleeding to stop.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Biomechanics
    Which one of the following describes what could happen to an object when a balanced force is acting on it? The object:
    As the force is balanced, there is no net force acting in any direction, so there is no change in motion.
    Author: rikazzz Comment