Anatomy and Physiology

    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which one of the following is NOT a steroid compound?
    Stearic acid is a fatty acid. The sex hormones estrogen and testosterone are derived from cholesterol.
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    Nervous System
    Which of the following substances CANNOT pass through the “blood-brain barrier”?
    Fat-soluble molecules can pass the BBB, but most charged particles cannot.
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    Cells and Tissues
    What is the purpose of mitochondria?
    Mitochondria are the site of ATP production.
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    Cells and Tissues
    Which of the following is true for connective tissue?
    Connective tissue includes fibres and cells which are not closely packed.
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    Nervous System
    When their neurotransmitter binds to them, which of the following receptors is always stimulatory?
    Nicotinic receptors when bound by ACh are always stimulatory.
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    Cells and Tissues
    What is the purpose of the “sodium-potassium pump”?
    A concentration gradient is set up by the use of energy to move Na ions to where they are in greater concentration. This requirement for energy means choice B is wrong.
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    Respiratory System
    What ensures that the lungs expand as the chest wall expands?
    Negative pressure (suction) causes the visceral pleura to remain in contact with the parietal pleura, so that when the chest wall and parietal pleura move, the parietal pleura takes the visceral pleura and lungs with it.
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    Nervous System
    There is a space between a neuron and the cell it stimulates that is crossed by a neurotransmitter. What is it called?
    The synaptic cleft lies between the presynaptic membrane of the neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of the cell about to be stimulated.
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    Skeleton and Joints
    What is the significance of the lumbar curve of the spine?
    Without the lumbar curve directing some body mass anteriorly, the centre of gravity could not be held over the base of support (the area bounded by the feet when placed on the ground). Choice C refers to the cervical curve.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    The one medicine may have many names. What is the “generic name” of a medicine?
    A medicine has only one “generic” name, but each manufacturer will give it their own “trade” name. Choice A refers to the naming of a class of drugs each of which may be a different molecule.
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