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Anatomy and Physiology
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Anatomy and Physiology
- Page 207
Organisation of the Body
41
Cells and Tissues
129
Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion
45
Integument
65
Homeostasis
0
Skeleton and Joints
100
Muscles
98
Gastrointestinal System
140
Endocrine System
102
Renal System
117
Cardiovascular System
365
Respiratory System
130
Nervous System
292
Reproductive System
72
The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
62
Ionising Radiation
92
Electricity
35
Biomechanics
58
Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
70
Chemistry for Physiology
279
Show/Hide Answers
Nervous System
What type of nerves is found in the dorsal root?
Only afferent nerves
Only efferent nerves
Both afferent and efferent nerves
Only ganglionic nerves
Afferent (or sensory) nerves/neurons are in the dorsal root of the spinal nerves.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Respiratory System
Instead of the Heimlich manoeuvre, self-administered abdominal thrusts against the back of a chair may be used to dislodge food obstructing your airway. This thrusting increases the pressure in the lungs by decreasing their volume. The increase in pressure in the oesophagus has been measured to be about 10 kPa. Given that normal atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, use Boyle’s law to determine the change (from 100%) in lung volume required to produce the pressure increase.
Lung volume decreases to 91%.
Lung volume increases to 110%.
Lung volume decreases to 10%.
Lung volume decreases to 76%.
Boyle’s law states P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
rearranging this gives: V
2
= (P
1
/P
2
) × V
1
. Putting in numbers: V
2
= (100/110) × V
1
= 0.91 × V
1
which is 91% of volume V
1
.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
How does the descending limb of the loop of Henle differ from the ascending limb?
The descending limb is impermeable to water but permeable to sodium chloride.
The ascending limb is permeable to water but impermeable to sodium chloride.
The descending limb is permeable to water but impermeable to sodium chloride.
The ascending limb is permeable to both water and to sodium chloride.
The descending limb is permeable to water (the ascending limb is not). The descending limb is impermeable to solutes except urea.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
Blood may be removed from a donor and centrifuged to separate plasma from cells (plasmapheresis). The cells are then returned to the donor mixed with a liquid. What liquid is used to return the cells?
Sterile water
0.9% sodium chloride
9.0% sodium chloride
Plasma
Red blood cells are mixed with a solution that is isotonic: that is, will not cause any net movement of water into or out of the cell. Choice D is wrong as using plasma would defeat the purpose of donating in the first place.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
What is the role of aldosterone?
To convert angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
To inhibit the absorption of Na+
To promote the absorption of Na+
To promote the absorption of Ca++
Sodium ions are always reabsorbed from the filtrate. Aldosterone promotes greater reclamation of sodium from the DCT.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Nervous System
What is found between the arachnoid and pia mater?
Adipose tissue
Venous sinuses
Choroid plexus
Cerebrospinal fluid
Between the arachnoid and pia mater is the subarachnoid space and this is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
The pressure, P, exerted by an intravenous infusion of saline at the level of the cannula must be great enough to overcome the venous blood pressure in the vein. Its magnitude is given by P = 10 × 1000 kg/m
3
× head of liquid (in m), where 1000 kg/m
3
is the density of saline. If the venous pressure is 5 kPa, what is the smallest head of liquid required for the infusion to flow into the vein?
25 cm
35 cm
45 cm
55 cm
Convert cm to m and kPa to Pa. The pressure at the cannula must be greater than 5 kPa (5000 Pa). Use the value in choice A: P = 10 × 1000 kg/m
3
× 0.25 m = 2500 Pa = 2.5 kPa. The answer is only half of the pressure required (5 kPa); hence a head of at least twice 25 cm is required. Choice D is the only one that will do.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Endocrine System
Which of the following is a part of the endocrine system?
The thalamus
The pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)
The renal glands
The salivary glands
The pancreatic islets secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
A wave may be defined as which of the following?
The oscillation of a particle of the medium
A series of crests and compressions that propagate through space
A mechanism for the transfer of energy without transferring matter
The transport of the medium due to the oscillation of its particles
Essentially, a wave transfers energy without any matter moving away from its location.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
Which of the following forms of heat therapy relies mainly on conduction?
Heat lamp
Microwave diathermy
Hot water bottle
Ultrasound waves
A hot water bottle will transfer heat to objects in contact with it. The other three rely on a form of radiation.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
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